![]() ![]() The threats from these include introducing materials which could stain the artifact, degrading the object or placing pressure on the object. Other storage methods which use cellulose nitrate, paper backing, drumming techniques, hinges, adhesive mounts, dry mount systems and plexiglass which presses directly on the papyrus are not considered safe methods of storage. A grayish material, which has been identified as a composite of sodium chloride and traces of vegetable carbohydrates, was seen around the edges of some papyri. This could also damage the ink and the surface of the papyrus when the glass is removed. This could make the papyrus stick to the glass. This threatens the papyrus inside since it allows the object to come into direct contact with the glass, which could cause heat and moisture to come into contact with the papyrus. The traditional method in papyrus storage was to place the papyri between two sheets of glass and then seal the edges with cloth tape. Methods of storage, if done incorrectly, can also damage papyri. However, salt on papyri can also occur in stable environments. A papyrus scroll can be contaminated with salts from the site where it was found, which is especially the case for areas with a high degree of moisture. Salts, if accumulated on a papyrus scroll, could potentially damage it. Another cause for deterioration among papyri is oxidation, which occurs from the use of iron gall ink, which contains iron sulphate, which has been known to damage papyri. In modern times, deterioration in papyri occurs from a long process of ageing, the breaking down of the components of the papyrus as well as the conditions where the papyrus is stored/found. In ancient times, deterioration occurred when the papyrus was used extensively, which is especially the case for medical papyri and other papyri of a similar nature. This threat has been occurring both in ancient and modern times. Deterioration Ī common threat to papyrus materials is deterioration. As organic materials, papyri are also susceptible to mold. There are also certain species of fungi which specifically attack papyri. Cedar oil was also used to stop bookworms in ancient times. Cedrium is a resinous extract from juniper, which stopped bookworms from attacking papyrus scrolls. ![]() In ancient times, a material called cedrium was used. The damage takes place when the papyrus is rolled. Insects have been known to damage papyri. These threats range from biological in nature to man-made. Papyrus collections face threats to their well-being. A third method for storing papyri, especially for oversized papyri, is placing the papyrus between two layers of plexiglass and then securing them with an aluminum frame cut to the size to support the piece. This storage method consists the use of a double-windowed mat with two sheets of Stabiltex covering the object. Another method is using the Stabiltex Sling System, which is a much safer method to store papyrus fragments. One of these risks is this method opens the door for the object to be in contact with heat and moisture, which would also make the object's surface to stick to the glass. However, this method presents many risks to the object. The first and most common of these is to use two frames of glass and seal the edges with cloth tape. There are various methods for storing papyri. It is also important to place a special kind of film or glass which protects the cases holding the papyri from UV lights, which could make papyri fade away if they are exposed to these lights. It is important to store papyri within a climate-controlled room in which the temperature and humidity are maintained at a constant level of 17–23 ☌ (63–73 ☏) and 50–60 percent, respectively. However, the storage conditions do not change. There are various methods to safely store papyrus collections. The species of papyrus used in the creation of the writing materials is Cyperus papyrus. Papyrus was used in the making of writing material in ancient Egypt, where it was used from ancient times until the 10th century CE.
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